Drinking Water Network
Infrastructure Leakage Index It is a widely used and accepted performance indicator in developed countries to express the level of physical water losses.
Active Loss Control: These are control and detection activities carried out with various technological devices for the purpose of detecting water losses in the form of leaks from pipes, pipe connections, storages and other engineering structures in drinking water supply and distribution systems.
Pressure Management: It is a method applied to reduce excess pressure in the network and keep it at optimum operating pressure in order to reduce physical water losses.
Pipeline Management: This covers all management and operating elements, including material selection, installation, maintenance and replacement for the pipeline, with the aim of reducing physical water losses.
EPANET: It is an open source software developed by the Environmental Protection Agency of the United States of America and widely used in the world for the purpose of hydraulic modelling of networks, that can be used without paying a license fee.
Unbilled Authorised Water Consumption: It is the total consumption resulting from the consumption that has been metered but authorised not to be billed, and the connections that have neither been metered nor billed per authorisation.
Unbilled Unmetered Use: It is the amount of water used from connections (parks, gardens, etc.) that are connected to the network by the water administration, but are not metered and therefore billed within the knowledge of the administration.
Unbilled Metered Use: It is the amount of water used by subscribers (mosques, etc.) who are registered as subscribers in the water administration, have a metered connection and whose water consumption is measured, but who have unbilled authorised consumptions within the knowledge of the administration.
Billed Authorised Water Consumption: It is the amount of water used by subscribers registered as subscribers in the water administration and billed with or without metering.
Billed Unmetered Use: It is the amount of consumption that has not been metered but is calculated and billed as an estimate or according to standards, if any (for example, in cases where a customer’s meter is broken or during maintenance-repair, the subscriber is billed as an estimate, taking into account the use in other months or in line with a standard developed by the administration in this context).
Billed Metered Use: It is the amount of water used by subscribers registered as subscribers in the water administration and billed with or without metering.
Physical Losses: Water losses caused by leakages and overflows arising from breaks and cracks in pipes and fittings, pipe heads, subscriber connection errors and service tanks, before the consumer meter.
Economic Level in Reducing Physical Losses: It is the lowest volume of physical water losses that can be achieved by applying cost-effective and efficient physical water loss reduction methods.
Revenue Water: It is the volume of water corresponding to the billed authorised water consumption.
Non-Revenue Water: It is the difference between the amount of water supplied to the system in whole or in part of the system and the billed authorised water consumption.
Hydraulic Model: It is a decision support system used for the design of the drinking water distribution network, more efficient operation of the existing system, establishment of district metering areas and studies on water quality.
Administrative Losses: These are water losses resulting from the water meter and reading errors, recording errors and unauthorised consumption.
Economic Level in Reducing Administrative Losses: It is the lowest volume of administrative water losses that can be achieved by applying cost-effective and efficient administrative water loss reduction methods.
Authorised Consumption: It is the amount of paid and/or free water used by the registered user.
Unauthorised Consumption: It is the amount of water used illegally, without the knowledge of the administration, through illegal connections and intervention in meters.
District Metered Area (DMA): It is each network section designed independently from each other at the project stage or separated by additional valving and/or plugging on the water distribution network, fed from one or more points where separate measurements are made, containing a certain number of building connections, physically separated from the others and operating independently of each other.
Inevitable Annual Physical Losses: It is the lowest volume of physical water losses that can be technically achieved for the current network operating pressure.
Inevitable Annual Administrative Losses: It is the lowest administrative water loss volume that can be achieved through administrative structuring, meter selection and billing system.
Minimum Night Flow: It is the lowest flow rate measured within a day in the drinking water distribution network or a DMA. It can be determined between 02:00 and 04:00 at night when the water subscribers do not actively consume water, in residential areas where domestic water is used predominantly.
Minimum Night Consumption: It is the water consumption caused by the water use of some active subscribers (hospitals, taxi stands, toilet use, dishwashers/washing machines, etc.) between the hours when the minimum night flow rate occurs.
Net Night Flow: It is the difference between the minimum night flow rate and the minimum night consumption. It is the amount of leakage in the network.
Optimum operating pressure: It is the operating pressure range where the operating pressure does not exceed 60 m of water column and subscribers can easily supply water at high altitudes.
Performance Indicator: Total water loss rate is the criteria used to express the administrative and physical water loss rate and to assess the operating performance of the network in terms of water losses.
Potential Reducible Physical Losses: It is the reduction of the current amount of physical water losses to an economic level by applying cost-effective and efficient physical water loss reduction methods.
Potential Reducible Administrative Losses: It is the reduction of the current amount of physical water losses to an economic level by applying cost-effective and efficient physical water loss reduction methods.
SCADA: It is a data-based monitoring and control system.
Service Connection: It is the pipe connection aimed to transmit water from water distribution systems to subscribers.
Zero Pressure Test: It is a control test performed in the field to determine whether the district metering area (DMA) established in the drinking water distribution network is hydraulically independent (isolated).
The Amount of Water Entering the System: It is the amount of water abstracted from the source and supplied to the system through the water intake structure and/or from the drinking water treatment plant.
Water Losses: It is the difference between the network input volume and the authorised consumption. It is the amount of water consisting of the sum of administrative losses and physical losses.
Standard Water Balance: It is the metering or calculation of the amount of water produced, consumed and lost in order to determine the amount of water loss in the drinking water system. It is filled in on a table in a standard format.
Related to Irrigation
Pressurized irrigation systems: These are piped irrigation systems in which irrigation water can be transmitted under a certain pressure into the soil or onto the soil surface.
Gross irrigation water need: It is the amount of water obtained by adding transmission, distribution and application losses to the calculated crop irrigation water need.
Net irrigation water: It is the amount of irrigation water needed by the crop in a certain area and to be stored in the root zone.
Water transmission loss: These are losses such as leakage, unauthorised use and evaporation that occur during the transmission of water from the source to the edge of the land.
Water transmission efficiency: It is the ratio of the amount of water transmitted to the land to be irrigated, to the amount of water taken from the water source.
Water Application Efficiency: It is the ratio of the amount of water stored in the crop root zone, to the amount of water transmitted to the land.
Irrigation: It is the supply of the amount of water that crops need for their normal development, which cannot be met by natural rainfall, to the crops at the required time, in the required amount and in a controlled manner.
Irrigation rate: It is the ratio of the total area of the first, second and third crops irrigated within the irrigation area and outside the irrigation area on a contract, to the irrigation area.
Irrigation efficiency: It is the ratio of the total crop irrigation water need, to the amount of water taken from the water source to the network.
Industrial Sector
Best Available Techniques: Considering the costs and benefits, these are the most effective techniques for high level protection of the environment.
Specific Water Consumption: It is the amount of water consumed per unit mass, volume or number of products.